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FET-Open addresses the widest possible spectrum of research topics that closely relate to information and Communication Technologies as these arise bottom-up. Since the supported topics are not predefined by thethe Work Programme but identified by the researchers themselves, FET-Open flexibly accommodates the exploration of new research horizons. Unconstrained by established approaches, it offers the opportunity to try out an unproven idea where the risk is too high for a larger RTD investment to be justified. Once established as credible and valid, a research topic may gradually grow into a wider field, supported by a dedicated research initiative or be taken over by mainstream programme activities in ICT. Rather than doing blue-sky research, a project in FET-Open should contribute to the realisation of a clear long term vision in the ICT domain and the project's objectives must address a key challenge for the realisation of this vision. Expected Impact: For STREP: ÔÇó ICT-relevant, visionary, high quality, long-term research of a foundational nature, involving bright new ideas of high-risk ÔÇô high-pay-off, aiming at a breakthrough, a paradigm shift, or at the proof of a novel scientific principle, or ÔÇó Research refining the visionary ideas that have gone past the proof-of-concept phase to bring them to the maturity level where they could be taken up by the mainstream ICT programme objectives. For CA: ÔÇó Emergence, shaping and consolidation of new and dispersed research communities and, where appropriate, the coordination of FET-relevant national or regional research programmes or activities or the stimulation of international cooperation in any area of relevance to FET. Each CA should aim at establishing critical mass, scientific excellence and multi-disciplinary diversity, as appropriate, around a new scientific discipline or research topic, defining future research directions, federating the research
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